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Legal Program & Bike Laws
Click on any state to see highlights of that state's bike laws. Riding a bike is a healthy, fun and safe activity. However, it isn't without some risk. The following information highlights areas of law that may minimize that risk and have the potential to reduce conflicts between bikes and cars (and other traffic). These highlights only cover statewide laws and are not comprehensive. AlabamaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Alabama does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: COA §32-5A-82 Helmet Law Alabama requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Sources: COA §§32-5A-283; 32-5A-285 Share the Road license plates Alabama does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Alabama does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Alabama has passed a law prohibiting writing, sending, or reading text messages on an electronic device while operating a motor vehicle. This law has not yet been codified and made available through Alabama's state statute directory, although the law is nevertheless effective. Source: See Act 2012-291 Where to Ride Alabama requires that bicyclists ride as far to the right as practicable. Alabama does not provide for any exceptions to that requirement. Source: Ala. Code §32-5A-263 Sidewalk Riding Alabama prohibits the driving any vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. This prohibition applies to bicycles since they are defined as vehicles in Alabama and there are no other statutes which authorize the use of bicycles on sidewalks. Source: Ala. Code §§32-5A-52; 22-27-90 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Alabama requires that wherever a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a roadway, bicycle riders shall use such path and shall not use the roadway. Source: Ala. Code §32-5A-263 Bicycling Under the Influence In Alabama, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Alabama's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Ala. Code §§32-5A-191; 22-27-90 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Alabama does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Alabama does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Alabama are generally found in Title 32 of the Code of Alabama (Ala. Code) available here http://alisondb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/codeofalabama/1975/coatoc.htm. Other Resources The Alabama Bicycling Coalition has a compilation of laws relevant to bicycles which provides direct links to the Alabama Code and is more comprehensive than this page, it is available here: http://www.alabike.org/code.html AlaskaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Alaska does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.065 Helmet Law Alaska has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Alaska does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Alaska does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Alaska prohibits the driving of a motor vehicle with an operating video display displaying non-authorized information that is in full view of a driver in a normal driving position while the motor vehicle is being driven. This law has been amended to clarify its application to text messaging while driving and a bill has been passed explicitly prohibiting reading or typing a text message or other non-voice message or communication while driving. The amended language has not yet been codified and made available through Alaska's state statute directory, although the amended language is nevertheless effective. Source: Alaska Stat. §28.35.161; HB 255 (2012) Where to Ride Alaska requires that bicyclists ride as far to the right as practicable. Alaska does not provide for any exceptions to that requirement. Source: Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.400 Sidewalk Riding Alaska generally allows bicycles on sidewalks, but no person may ride a bicycle upon a sidewalk in a business district or where prohibited by an official traffic-control device. Source: Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.400(g) Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Alaska requires that when a shoulder of the highway is maintained in good condition, an operator of a bicycle shall use the shoulder of the roadway. Source: Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.400 Bicycling Under the Influence In Alaska, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Alaska's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to only "motor vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft" and therefore does not apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless, bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Alaska Stat. §28.35.030 Right of Way Rules/Idaho Stop Alaska does not explicitly provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. However two statutes, when taken together provide for the following: A driver of a non-motorized vehicle traveling upon a vehicular way or area shall, regardless of whether an official traffic-control device is present, slow to a speed reasonable for the existing conditions and, if required for safety, stop. After slowing or stopping, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any traffic using a roadway or approaching on another roadway that is so close as to constitute an immediate hazard. Source: Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.482; Alaska Admin. Code tit. 13 §02.130 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Alaska does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Alaska are generally found in Title 13, Chapter 2, of the Alaska Administrative Code (Alaska Admin. Code), available here: http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folioproxy.asp?url=http://wwwjnu01.legis.state.ak.us/cgi-bin/folioisa.dll/aac. This guide also features laws from the Alaska Statutes (Alaska Stat.), available here http://www.legis.state.ak.us/basis/folio.asp. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
ArizonaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change Safe Passing Laws Arizona requires that, when overtaking and passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction, a person driving a motor vehicle shall exercise due care by leaving a safe distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than three feet until the motor vehicle is safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §28-735 Helmet Law Arizona has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Arizona does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Arizona does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Arizona does not restrict mobile phone use in a vehicle at this time. Source: N/A Where to Ride Arizona requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as far to the right as practicable. However, the law provides for exceptions to this requirement under any of the following situations:
Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §28-815(a) Sidewalk Riding Arizona does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Vehicles are prohibited on sidewalks, but in Arizona, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§28-904; 28-101 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Arizona does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. However, Arizona's law requiring three feet between an overtaking motor vehicle and a bicycle provides penalties for a violation of that requirement that results in injury and those penalties do not apply if the bicyclist who is injured was in a vehicular traffic lane when a designated bicycle lane or path is present and passable. Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §28-735 Bicycling Under the Influence In Arizona, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Arizona's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are generally subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Sources: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§28-101; 28-1381; 28-812 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Arizona specifically provides that the driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection that has an official traffic control signal that is inoperative shall bring the vehicle to a complete stop before entering the intersection and may proceed with caution only when it is safe to do so. Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §28-645 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Arizona specifically provides that statewide laws do not prohibit a local authority, with respect to streets and highways under its jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from restricting the use of highways or regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Ariz. Rev. Stat. §28-627 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Arizona are generally found in Title 28 of the Arizona Revised Statutes (Ariz. Rev. Stat.), available here http://www.azleg.state.az.us/ArizonaRevisedStatutes.asp?Title=28. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
ArkansasAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Arkansas requires that the driver of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on a roadway shall exercise due care and pass to the left at a safe distance of not less than three feet and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken bicycle. Source: Ark. Code Ann. §27-51-311 Helmet Law Arkansas has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Arkansas does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Arkansas does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Arkansas prohibits a driver of a motor vehicle from using a handheld wireless telephone for wireless interactive communication while operating a motor vehicle, except in certain emergency situations. This general prohibition does not prevent the use of hands-free wireless telephone. In addition, Arkansas provides for certain age-based restrictions, subject to an emergency exception:
Sources: Ark. Code Ann. §§27-51-1504; 27-51-1603; 27-51-1604 Where to Ride Arkansas has no laws that specifically regulate the riding of bicycles on a roadway aside from general traffic laws. Therefore bicycles are to be driven upon the right half of the roadway except under the following circumstances:
Source: Ark. Code Ann. §§27-49-111; 27-51-301 Sidewalk Riding Arkansas does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Certain cities or other localities have ordinances that regulate the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: Example of City Ordinance = Little Rock City Ordinance § 32-494 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Arkansas does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Arkansas, the definition of vehicle excludes bicycles. In addition, Arkansas's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to anyone in actual physical control of a motor vehicle and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are generally subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Sources: Ark. Code Ann. §§5-65-103; 27-49-219; 27-49-111 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Arkansas does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Arkansas does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Statute: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Arkansas are generally found in Title 27 of the Arkansas Code of 1987 Annotated Official Edition (Ark. Code Ann.), available here http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/arcode/Default.asp. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
CaliforniaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws California does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle or a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left at a safe distance without interfering with the safe operation of the overtaken vehicle or bicycle. Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21750 Helmet Law California requires that any person under the age of 18 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21212 Share the Road license plates California does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws California does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. However, any person who throws any substance at a vehicle or any occupant thereof on a highway is guilty of a misdemeanor. In California the definition of vehicle does not include a bicycle, but bicyclists may be protected from thrown substances by being granted all the rights of a driver of a vehicle. Source: Cal. Veh. Code §§ 23110; 670; 21200 Distracted Driving Laws California prohibits any person from driving a motor vehicle while using an electronic wireless communications device to write, send, or read a text-based communication. Further, a person shall not drive a motor vehicle while using a wireless telephone unless that telephone is specifically designed and configured to allow hands-free listening and talking, and is used in that manner while driving. In addition there are the following specific restrictions:
Sources: Cal. Veh. Code §§ 23123; 23123.5; 23124; 23125 Where to Ride California requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as far to the right as practicable. However, the law provides for exceptions to this requirement under any of the following situations:
Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21202(a) Sidewalk Riding California does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities California provides that whenever a bicycle lane has been established on a roadway, any person operating a bicycle upon the roadway at a speed less than the normal speed of traffic moving in the same direction at that time shall ride within the bicycle lane, except that the person may move out of the lane under any of the following situations:
Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21208 Bicycling Under the Influence California specifically provides that it is unlawful for any person to ride a bicycle upon a highway while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage or any drug, or under the combined influence of an alcoholic beverage and any drug. This offense is separate from the driving under the influence law related to motor vehicles. Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21200.5 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors California does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles California specifically provides that statewide laws do not prohibit local authorities, by ordinance, from regulating the registration of bicycles and the parking and operation of bicycles on pedestrian or bicycle facilities, provided that such regulation is not in conflict with the provisions of the California Vehicle Code. Source: Cal. Veh. Code §21206 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of California are generally found in the California Vehicle Code (Cal. Veh. Code), available here http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/vc/tocd11c1a4.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
ColoradoAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Colorado has codified a three foot passing requirement in three rules to address the variety of circumstances in which a bicyclist may be overtaken by a motorist. These circumstances are:
In each case the motorist must maintain at least a three foot distance between the side of their vehicle facing the bicyclist, including all mirrors or other projections, and the bicyclist being overtaken. Sources: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§42-4-1002; 42-4-1003; 42-4-1004 Helmet Law Colorado has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Colorado, in conjunction with Bicycle Colorado, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://bicyclecolo.org/articles/share-the-road-plate-info-pg764.htm Source: Colo. Rev. Stat. §42-3-226 Vulnerable Road User Laws Colorado does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several statutes aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Sources: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§18-9-116; 42-4-1008.5; 42-4-1402 Distracted Driving Laws Colorado currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Sources: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§42-4-239; 42-4-1411 Where to Ride Colorado has some of the most specific laws regarding where a bicyclist should ride, and just as importantly, where a bicyclist should not be obligated to ride in the nation. The general rule is that: If the right-hand lane then available for traffic is wide enough to be safely shared with overtaking vehicles, a bicyclist shall ride far enough to the right as judged safe by the bicyclist to facilitate the movement of such overtaking vehicles unless other conditions make it unsafe to do so. A bicyclist may use a lane other than the right-hand lane when:
A bicyclist shall not be expected or required to:
Source: Colo. Rev. Stat. §42-4-1412(5) Sidewalk Riding Colorado provides that no person shall drive any vehicle other than a bicycle, electric assisted bicycle, or any other human-powered vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area, except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. In addition, when a person is riding a bicycle upon a sidewalk, pathway or crosswalk the bicyclist shall:
Sources: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§42-4-710; 42-4-1412(10) Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Colorado does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Colorado, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Colorado's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Sources: Colo. Rev. Stat. §§42-4-1301; 42-1-102 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Colorado does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Colorado provides that its traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, except those streets and highways that are parts of the state highway system, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of same, including the requirement of a registration fee, consistent with state traffic laws. Source: Colo. Rev. Stat. §42-4-111 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Colorado are generally found in the Colorado Revised Statutes (Colo. Rev. Stat.), available here http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/Colorado/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
ConnecticutAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Connecticut provides that the driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the highway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle. A "safe distance" means not less than three feet when the driver of a vehicle overtakes and passes a person riding a bicycle. Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-232 Helmet Law Connecticut requires that any person fifteen years of age or under riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, failure to wear protective a protective bicycle helmet as required shall not be considered to be contributory negligence on the part of the parent or the child nor shall such failure be admissible in any civil action. Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-286d Share the Road license plates Connecticut has a law authorizing Share the Road license plates, but they are not currently available through Connecticut's Department of Motor Vehicles website. Money from such plates goes into a fund to enhance public awareness of the rights and responsibilities of bicyclists and motorists and to promote bicycle use and safety. Private donations to the fund may be made through the Commissioner of Transportation. To see current specialty plates please visit: http://www.ct.gov/dmv/cwp/view.asp?a=811&q=276580 Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-21w Vulnerable Road User Laws Connecticut does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several statutes aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Sources: Conn. Gen. Stat. §§14-242(f); 14-212c Distracted Driving Laws Connecticut currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-296aa Where to Ride Connecticut requires that bicyclists ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable. However, the law provides for exceptions to this requirement under any of the following situations:
Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-286b Sidewalk Riding Connecticut allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-286 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Connecticut generally does not require bicycles to use bicycle paths where they are provided. However, bicycles cannot use parkways and other limited access state highways except on paths specifically provided for bicycles. Source: Office of the State Traffic Administration (OSTA) §14-298-238 Bicycling Under the Influence In Connecticut, bicycles fall within the definition of a motor vehicle. Connecticut's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore likely applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Sources: Conn. Gen. Stat. §§14-212; 14-227a "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Connecticut does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Connecticut provides that each town, city and borough shall have authority to make any ordinance not inconsistent with state laws respecting governing and controlling the use of bicycles within such town, city or borough. This authority includes creating with appropriate penalties for violation of such ordinances, and may include requiring annual licensing of bicycles and providing for registration of any sale of, or change of ownership in, a bicycle. Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. §14-289 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Connecticut are generally found in the Connecticut General Statutes (Conn. Gen. Stat.), available here: http://search.cga.state.ct.us/dtsearch_pub_statutes.html. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
DelawareAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Delaware provides that the driver of a motor vehicle, when approaching a bicyclist traveling in the same direction, shall ensure the safety and protection of the bicyclist by:
Source: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §4116 Helmet Law Delaware requires that any person under the age of 18 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Failure to wear a bicycle helmet shall not be considered evidence of either comparative or contributory negligence in any civil suit arising out of any accident in which a person under 18 years of age is injured, nor shall failure to wear a bicycle helmet be admissible as evidence in the trial of any civil action. Source: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §4198K Share the Road license plates Delaware does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Delaware defines a "vulnerable user of a public right-of-way" as:
Delaware protects vulnerable road users by providing for specific additional penalties for any person found guilty of careless driving if that offense contributed to the serious physical injury of a vulnerable user lawfully in the public right-of-way. Source: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §4176 Distracted Driving Laws Delaware currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Sources: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §§4176B; 4176C Where to Ride Delaware requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §4196 Sidewalk Riding Delaware allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Sources: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §§4136; 4198B Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Delaware does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Delaware prohibits any person from riding a bicycle on a roadway while under the influence of intoxicating liquor and/or narcotic drugs to a degree which renders such person a hazard. A person found guilty under this law shall be subject to the following punishments:
Source: Del. Code Ann. tit. 21 §4198J "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Delaware does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Delaware does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Delaware are generally found in Title 21, Chapter 41 of the Delaware Code (Del. Code Ann.) available here http://delcode.delaware.gov/index.shtml. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
District of ColumbiaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change.. Safe Passing Laws The District of Columbia provides that a person driving a motor vehicle shall exercise due care by leaving a safe distance, but in no case less than 3 feet, when overtaking and passing a bicycle. Source: D.C. Code Mun. Regs. tit. 18 §2202.10 Helmet Law The District of Columbia requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Failure to wear a helmet shall not be considered as evidence of negligence per se, contributory negligence, or assumption of the risk in any civil suit arising out of any accident in which a person under 16 years of age is injured. Failure to wear a helmet shall not be admissible as evidence in the trial of any civil action, nor in any way diminish or reduce the damages recoverable in such action. Source: D.C. Code §§50-1605; 50-1606 Share the Road license plates The District of Columbia does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws The District of Columbia does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws The District of Columbia currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: D.C. Code §§50-1731.02; 50-1731.03; 50-1731.04; 50-1731.05 Where to Ride The District of Columbia does not require that a bicyclist ride as near to the right side of the road as practicable. However, the District of Columbia does require that a person shall operate a bicycle in a safe and non-hazardous manner so as not to endanger himself or herself or any other person. Bicycles are also subject to the rights and duties applicable to vehicles and must therefore drive upon the right half of the roadway, except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction. Source: DMC §§18-1201.2; 18-2201.1 Sidewalk Riding The District of Columbia allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: D.C. Mun. Regs. tit. 18 §§1201.9-13 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities The District of Columbia does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In the Official Code of the District of Columbia, bicycles are defined as vehicles. The District of Columbia's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: D.C. Code §50-2201.05 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors The District of Columbia does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles N/A Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the District of Columbia are generally found in the District of Columbia Municipal Code (D.C. Mun. Regs.), available here http://www.dcregs.dc.gov/. This guide also features other laws from the District of Columbia Official Code (D.C. Code), available here http://government.westlaw.com/linkedslice/default.asp?SP=DCC-1000. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
FloridaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Florida requires the driver of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle or other non-motorized vehicle must pass the bicycle or other non-motorized vehicle at a safe distance of not less than 3 feet between the vehicle and the bicycle or other non-motorized vehicle. Source: Fla. Stat. §316.083 Helmet Law Florida requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. The failure of a person to wear a bicycle helmet or the failure of a parent or guardian to prevent a child from riding a bicycle without a bicycle helmet may not be considered evidence of negligence or contributory negligence. Source: Fla. Stat. §316.2065 Share the Road license plates Florida, in conjunction with Bike Florida and Florida Bicycling Association, offers Share the Road license plates. At least 75% of the funds generated by the plates must go to:
For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.flhsmv.gov/dmv/specialtytags/miscellaneous/share_the_road.html Source: Fla. Stat. §320.08058 Vulnerable Road User Laws Florida does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Florida currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Fla. Stat. §§316.303; 316.304 Where to Ride Florida requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Fla. Stat. §316.2065(5) Sidewalk Riding Florida allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Fla. Stat. §§316.2065(9)-(10) Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Florida requires that any person operating a bicycle upon a roadway at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall ride in the lane marked for bicycle use if a lane is marked for bicycle use. Source: Fla. Stat. §316.2065(5) Bicycling Under the Influence In Florida, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Florida's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Fla. Stat. §§316.193; 316.003 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Florida does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Florida provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles. Source: Fla. Stat. §316.008 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Florida are generally found in Title XXIII of the Florida Statutes (Fla. Stat.), available here http://www.leg.state.fl.us/Statutes/index.cfm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
GeorgiaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change.. Safe Passing Laws Georgia requires that, when feasible, the operator of a motor vehicle, when overtaking and passing a bicycle that is proceeding in the same direction on the roadway, shall leave a safe distance of not less than three feet between such vehicle and the bicycle and shall maintain such clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §40-6-56 Helmet Law Georgia requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. In addition no person shall transport a child under the age of one year as a passenger on a bicycle except on a bicycle trailer or in an infant sling and such child transported in a bicycle trailer or infant sling is wearing a bicycle helmet. The failure to wear a helmet as specified above shall not constitute negligence per se nor contributory negligence per se or be considered evidence of negligence or liability. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §§40-6-296; 40-6-292 Share the Road license plates Georgia, in conjunction with Georgia Bikes!, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://georgiabikes.org/index.php/support/share-the-road-car-tag Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Georgia does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Georgia currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Ga. Code Ann. §§40-6-165(e); 40-6-241.1; 40-6-241.2 Where to Ride Georgia requires that every person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, except under any of the following circumstances:
Every person operating a bicycle away from the right side of the roadway shall exercise reasonable care and shall give due consideration to the other applicable rules of the road. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §40-6-294 Sidewalk Riding In Georgia, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Except as provided by resolution or ordinance of a local government for sidewalks within the jurisdiction of such local government authorizing the operation of bicycles on sidewalks by persons 12 years of age or younger, no person shall drive any vehicle upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized driveway. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §§40-6-144; 40-1-1 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Georgia requires that whenever a usable path has been provided adjacent to a roadway and designated for the exclusive use of bicycle riders, then the appropriate governing authority may require that bicycle riders use such path and not use those sections of the roadway as specified by such local governing authority. The governing authority may be petitioned to remove restrictions upon demonstration that the path has become inadequate due to capacity, maintenance, or other causes. Paths shall at a minimum be required to meet accepted guidelines, recommendations, and criteria with respect to planning, design, operation, and maintenance as set forth by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and such paths shall provide accessibility to destinations equivalent to the use of the roadway. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §§40-6-294(c) & (d) Bicycling Under the Influence In Georgia, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Georgia's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §§40-6-391; 40-1-1 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Georgia does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Georgia provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from requiring the registration and inspection of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Ga. Code Ann. §40-6-371 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Georgia are generally found in the Georgia Code (Ga. Code Ann.), available here http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/gacode/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
HawaiiAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Hawaii does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291C-43 Helmet Law Hawaii requires that any person under the age of 16 who operates a bicycle must wear a protective bicycle helmet. The helmet requirement also apply to any person who rides upon a bicycle while in a restraining seat that is attached to the bicycle or who rides in a trailer towed by the bicycle. Hawaii does not have a law prohibiting the failure to wear a helmet from being used against a bicyclist injured in a traffic accident. However, at least one court case has found the nonuse of a helmet not admissible. Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291C-150; 74 H. 308, 844 P.2d 670 Share the Road license plates Hawaii does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Hawaii defines a “vulnerable user” as:
Hawaii protects vulnerable users by providing a statutory basis for tougher prosecution when a vulnerable road user has been substantially injured or killed due to negligence.
Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§707-700; 707-702.5; 707-703; 707-704; 707-705 Distracted Driving Laws Hawaii currently has no laws to prevent or punish distracted driving. Source: N/A Where to Ride Hawaii requires that every bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near to the right-hand curb, on the edge of the roadway, or on the shoulder off of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction; except under any of the following situations:
Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291C-145 Sidewalk Riding Hawaii provides that unless otherwise prohibited, a bicycle may be driven at a speed of ten miles per hour or less on a sidewalk or sidewalk area; provided that the driver of the bicycle shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian and that bicycle riding shall be prohibited on sidewalks in business districts. No person shall ride a bicycle equipped with a motor on any sidewalk. Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §§291C-148; 291C-145(g) Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Hawaii requires that whenever a usable bicycle lane has been provided on a highway, any person operating a bicycle at a speed less than the normal speed of traffic moving in the same direction at such time shall ride within such bicycle lane, except that such person may move out of the lane under any of the following situations:
Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291C-145(c) Bicycling Under the Influence In Hawaii, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Hawaii's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291E-61 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Hawaii does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Hawaii provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent counties with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction from regulating the operation and equipment of and requiring the registration and inspection of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. §291C-163 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Hawaii are generally found in the Hawaii Revised Statutes (Haw. Rev. Stat.), available here http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
IdahoAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Idaho does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-632 Helmet Law Idaho has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Idaho does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Idaho does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but requires that every driver of a vehicle exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian or any person propelling a human-powered vehicle and give an audible signal when necessary. In addition, every driver must exercise proper precaution upon observing any child or any obviously confused, incapacitated or intoxicated person. Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-615 Distracted Driving Laws Idaho currently prohibits texting while driving a moving motor vehicle, unless accomplished voice or a hands free device. Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-1401A Where to Ride Idaho requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-717 Sidewalk Riding Idaho allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-721 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Idaho does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Idaho, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Idaho's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles. However, motor vehicles and vehicles are defined to be the same under Idaho law and therefore Idaho's DUI law applies to bicycles. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Idaho Code Ann. §§18-8004; 49-114; 49-123 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Idaho has modified its laws to accommodate bicyclists approaching stop signs and red lights as follows:
Source: Idaho Code Ann. §49-720 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Idaho does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Idaho are generally found in Title 49, Chapter 7 of the Idaho Code (Idaho Code Ann.), available here http://legislature.idaho.gov/idstat/TOC/IDStatutesTOC.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
IllinoisAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Illinois requires that the operator of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on a highway shall leave a safe distance, but not less than 3 feet, when passing the bicycle and shall maintain that distance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-703(d) Helmet Law Illinois has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Illinois, in conjunction with the League of Illinois Bicyclists, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/vehicles/license_plate_guide/sharetheroad.html. Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §3-689 Vulnerable Road User Laws Illinois does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but protects bicyclists by providing that:
Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-703(e) Distracted Driving Laws : Illinois currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §§12-610.1; 12-610.2; 12-813.1; Public Act 097-0829 Illinois requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-1505 Sidewalk Riding Illinois allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-1512 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Illinois does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Illinois, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Illinois's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §§11-501; 1-217 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Generally, Illinois does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. However, in municipalities with less than 2,000,000 inhabitants, after stopping as required, a bicyclist facing a steady red signal which fails to change to a green signal within a reasonable period of time (not less than 120 seconds) because of a signal malfunction or because the signal has failed to detect the arrival of the motorcycle or bicycle due to the vehicle's size or weight, shall have the right to proceed, after yielding the right of way to oncoming traffic facing a green signal, subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign. Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-306(3.5) Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Illinois provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of same, including the requirement of a registration fee Source: 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. §11-208 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Illinois are generally found in the Illinois Vehicle Code which is found in Chapter 625 Section 5 of the Illinois Compiled Statutes (Ill. Comp. Stat.), available here http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1815&ChapterID=49. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
IndianaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Indiana does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Ind. Code §9-21-8-5 Helmet Law Indiana has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Indiana, in conjunction with Bicycle Indiana, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.in.gov/bmv/2778.htm Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Indiana does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Indiana currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving:
Source: Ind. Code §9-21-8-59 Where to Ride Indiana requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Ind. Code §9-21-8-2 Sidewalk Riding Indiana does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Indiana does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Indiana's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and bicycles are defined as vehicles for the purpose of that law. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Ind. Code §§9-30-5-1; 9-30-5-2; 9-13-2-196(f) "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Indiana does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Indiana specifically authorizes that a local authority, with respect to private roads and highways under the authority's jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, may regulate the operation of bicycles and require the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Ind. Code §9-21-1-3 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Indiana are generally found in Title 9, Article 21 of the Indiana Code (Ind. Code), available here http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title9/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
IowaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Iowa does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Iowa Code §321.299 Helmet Law Iowa has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Iowa, in conjunction with the Iowa Bicycle Coalition, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.iowadot.gov/mvd/ovs/plates/share.htm Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Iowa does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but protects bicyclists by providing that:
A person who commits either above offense commits a simple misdemeanor. Source: Iowa Code §321.281 Distracted Driving Laws Iowa currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Iowa Code §321.276 Where to Ride Iowa requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Iowa Code §321.297 Sidewalk Riding Iowa does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Iowa does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Iowa, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Iowa's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Iowa Code §§321J.2; 321.1(42) "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Iowa does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Iowa provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of the same, including the requirement of a registration fee. However, the regulations shall not conflict with relevant state laws regarding the operation of bicycles. Source: Iowa Code §321.236 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Iowa are generally found in Title VIII, Chapter 321 of the Iowa Code (Iowa Code), available here http://search.legis.state.ia.us/nxt/gateway.dll/ic?f=templates&fn=default.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
KansasAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Kansas requires that the driver of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left thereof at a distance of not less than three feet and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken bicycle. In addition, the driver of a vehicle may pass a bicycle proceeding in the same direction in a no-passing zone with the duty to execute the pass only when it is safe to do so. Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §8-1516(c) Helmet Law Kansas has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Kansas does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Kansas does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Kansas currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §§8-15,111; 8-2,100; 8-296; 8-2,101 Where to Ride Kansas requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §8-1590 Sidewalk Riding Kansas does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Kansas requires that wherever a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a roadway, bicycle riders shall use such path and shall not use the roadway. Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §8-1590(d) Bicycling Under the Influence In Kansas, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Kansas's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §§8-1567; 8-126; 8-1587 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Generally, Kansas does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. However, a bicyclist facing any steady red signal, which fails to change to a green light within a reasonable period of time because of a signal malfunction or because the signal has failed to detect the arrival of the bicycle because of its size or weight, shall have the right to proceed in the following manner:
Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §8-1508(c)(4) Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Kansas provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and inspection of same, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. §8-2002 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Kansas are generally found in Chapter 8, Article 15 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated (Kan. Stat. Ann.), available here http://kslegislature.org/li/b2011_12/statute/. Â Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
KentuckyAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Kentucky does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left of them and the vehicle cannot return to the right until reasonably clear of the overtaken vehicle. Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §189.340 Helmet Law Kentucky has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Kentucky offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://mvl.ky.gov/MVLWeb/PIServlet?PlateId=7D&PersonalizeIndicator=Y Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §186.164; 601 KAR 14:030 Vulnerable Road User Laws Kentucky does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Kentucky currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§189.292; 189.294 Where to Ride Kentucky requires that the operator of any vehicle moving slowly upon a highway must keep his vehicle as closely as practicable to the right-hand boundary of the highway, allowing more swiftly moving vehicles reasonably free passage to the left. Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §189.300 Sidewalk Riding Kentucky does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Kentucky requires that if a highway lane is marked for the exclusive use of bicycles, the operator of a bicycle shall use the lane whenever feasible. Source: 601 KAR 14:020 §9(2) Bicycling Under the Influence Kentucky specifically prohibits a person under the influence of intoxicating beverages or any substance which may impair one's driving ability from operate a vehicle that is not a motor vehicle. Further, the law states that no peace officer or State Police officer shall fail to rigidly enforce this law. The following presumptions apply based on a person's blood alcohol concentration:
Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §189.520 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Kentucky does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Kentucky provides that regulations promulgated by the Transportation Cabinet pre-empt municipal and other local government regulations concerning safety equipment but not method of operation. Source: Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §189.287 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Kentucky are generally found in the Kentucky Administrative Code (KAR), available here: http://www.lrc.ky.gov/kar/frntpage.htm. Laws regulating vehicles are also generally applicable to bicycles and are found in the Kentucky Revised Statutes (Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann.), available here: http://www.lrc.ky.gov/search.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
Louisiana
Safe Passing Laws Louisiana requires that the operator of a motor vehicle, when overtaking and passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on the roadway, shall exercise due care while the motor vehicle is passing the bicycle and shall leave a safe distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than three feet and shall maintain such clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. An operator of a motor vehicle may pass a bicycle traveling in the same direction in a no-passing zone only when it is safe to do so. Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §32:76.1 Helmet Law Louisiana requires that any person under the age of 12 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. The issuance of a citation for failure to wear a required helmet shall not be prima facie evidence of negligence. The comparative negligence statutes of Louisiana shall apply in these cases as in all other cases of negligence. Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §32:199 Share the Road license plates Louisiana offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://web01.dps.louisiana.gov/omv1.nsf/58c968bd569b099986256cdc000806eb/2f7d84fe6d8a49ab862578a8005d4e96?OpenDocument Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §463.148 Vulnerable Road User Laws Louisiana does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but protects bicyclists by providing that:
Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §32:201 Distracted Driving Laws Louisiana currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§32:300.5; 32:300.6; 32:300.7 Where to Ride Louisiana requires that bicyclists ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §32:197 Sidewalk Riding Louisiana does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Louisiana does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Louisiana, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Louisiana has a law that makes it a crime to operate a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, vessel, or other means of conveyance while intoxicated. However, in 2000, in State v. Carr, 761 So.2d 1271 (2000), the Louisiana Supreme Court held that this law was not applicable to a bicycle because both the interpretation and intention of the law was ambiguous in its application to bicycles. Since that decision there has been no amendment to make the law mentioned in this section applicable to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§32:661; 32:1; 14:98 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Louisiana does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Louisiana provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local municipal authorities, with respect to highways other than state maintained highways within their corporate limits, from adopting ordinances requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §32:41 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Louisiana are generally found in Title 32 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes (La. Rev. Stat. Ann.), available here: http://www.legis.state.la.us/lss/search.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MaineAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Maine requires that an operator of a motor vehicle that is passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall exercise due care by leaving a distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than 3 feet while the motor vehicle is passing the bicycle. A motor vehicle operator may pass a bicycle traveling in the same direction in a no-passing zone only when it is safe to do so. Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §2070 Helmet Law Maine requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. In an accident involving a bicycle, the nonuse of a helmet by the operator or passenger is not admissible as evidence in a civil or criminal trial. Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §§2323; 2328 Share the Road license plates Maine does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Maine does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Maine currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §§2116; 2118; 2119 Where to Ride Maine requires that a person operating a bicycle, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, shall drive on the right portion of the way as far as practicable except when it is unsafe to do so or:
Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §2063 Sidewalk Riding Maine does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Maine does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Maine, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Maine's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §§2411; 101 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Maine does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Maine specifically provides that its traffic law governing where a bicycle should ride does not apply in a municipality that, by ordinance approved by the Department of Public Safety and the Department of Transportation, makes other provisions regarding the operating location of a bicycle on a roadway. Source: Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 29-A §2063 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Maine are generally found in Title 29-A of the Maine Revised Statutes (Me. Rev. Stat.), available here: http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/search.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MarylandAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Maryland requires that the driver of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle pass safely at a distance of not less than 3 feet, unless, at the time:
Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1209 Helmet Law Maryland requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1207.1 Share the Road license plates Maryland, in conjunction with the Washington Area Bicyclist Association, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.waba.org/get_involved/md_license_plates.php Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §13-619 Vulnerable Road User Laws Maryland does not define who is a “vulnerable road user,” but protects bicyclists specifically by providing that:
Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1209(b) & (c). Distracted Driving Laws Maryland currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §§21-1124; 21-1124.1; 21-1124.2; 21-1129 Where to Ride Maryland requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less that the speed of traffic, ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable and safe, except when:
Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1205 Sidewalk Riding Maryland generally prohibits the operation of vehicles on sidewalks, but specifically provides that where allowed by local ordinance, a person may ride a bicycle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area. In addition, at a place where a person may ride a bicycle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area, a person may also ride a bicycle on a crosswalk. Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1103 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Maryland requires that where there is a bike lane paved to a smooth surface, a person operating a bicycle shall use the bike lane and may not ride on the roadway, except in the following situations:
In addition, a person operating a bicycle may not leave a bike lane until the movement can be made with reasonable safety and then only after giving an appropriate signal. Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §21-1205.1 Bicycling Under the Influence In Maryland, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Maryland's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §§21-902; 11-176 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Maryland does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Maryland provides that its state traffic laws do not prevent a local authority, in the reasonable exercise of its police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles, requiring them to be registered, and imposing a registration fee. Source: Md. Code Ann., Transp. §25-102 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Maryland are generally found in Title 21 of the Code of Maryland (Md. Code Ann.), available here: http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mdcode/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MassachusettsAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Massachusetts requires that in approaching or passing a person on a bicycle the operator of a motor vehicle shall slow down and pass at a safe distance and at a reasonable and proper speed. If it is not possible to overtake a bicycle or other vehicle at a safe distance in the same lane, the overtaking vehicle shall use all or part of an adjacent lane if it is safe to do so or wait for a safe opportunity to overtake. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §14; Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.89, §2 Helmet Law Massachusetts requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. The failure to wear a required helmet shall not be used as evidence of contributory negligence in any civil action. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch. 85, §11B(2) Share the Road license plates Massachusetts does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Massachusetts does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several rules aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §14 Distracted Driving Laws Massachusetts currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §13B; Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §8M; Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §12A Where to Ride In Massachusetts, bicycles are subject to the traffic laws and regulations of the commonwealth. There is no law that requires bicycles to ride as far to the right as practicable. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch. 85, §11B Sidewalk Riding In Massachusetts bicycles may be ridden on sidewalks outside business districts when necessary in the interest of safety, unless otherwise directed by local ordinance. A person operating a bicycle on the sidewalk is required to yield the right of way to pedestrians and give an audible signal before overtaking and passing any pedestrian. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch. 85, §11B Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Massachusetts does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Massachusetts's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch.90, §24 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Massachusetts does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Massachusetts provides that except where its state traffic laws provide a rule, a city or town may make ordinances or bylaws, or the board of aldermen or the selectmen or the town council may make rules and orders, for the regulation of carriages and vehicles, and may set penalties for the violation thereof; and may set and receive an annual fee for each license granted to a person to use any such carriage or vehicle. Massachusetts General Law Part I, Title XIV, Chapter 85, Section 11B sets out state traffic laws that regulate the use of bicycles. This law preempts local regulation of bicycles, except for local regulation of sidewalk riding as specifically provided in the law. Source: Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch. 40, §22; Mass. Gen. Laws. Ch. 85, §11B Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Massachusetts are generally found in Title XIV Chapter 85 Section 11B of the General Laws of Massachusetts (Mass. Gen. Laws.), available here http://www.malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter85/Section11B. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MichiganAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Michigan does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §257.636 Helmet Law Michigan has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Michigan does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Michigan does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Michigan currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §257.602b Where to Ride Michigan requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except as follows:
Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §257.660a Sidewalk Riding Michigan allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §257.660c Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Michigan does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Michigan, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Michigan's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §§257.625; 257.79 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Michigan does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Michigan provides that its state traffic laws shall not be considered to prevent local authorities with respect to streets or highways under the jurisdiction of the local authority and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Mich. Comp. Laws §257.606 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Michigan are generally found in Chapter 257 of the Michigan Compiled Laws (Mich. Comp. Laws), available here http://www.legislature.mi.gov/%28S%28awasi3bkmkduuvfsexvoryai%29%29/mileg.aspx?page=mclbasicsearch. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MinnesotaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Minnesota requires that the operator of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on the roadway shall leave a safe distance, but in no case less than three feet clearance, when passing the bicycle and shall maintain clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. In addition, an individual operating a bicycle on a bikeway shall leave a safe distance when overtaking a bicycle or individual proceeding in the same direction on the bikeway, and shall maintain clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle or individual Source: Minn. Stat. §169.18 subd. 3; Minn. Stat. §169.222(4)(e) Helmet Law Minnesota has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Minnesota does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Minnesota does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Minnesota currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Minn. Stat. §§169.475; 171.055; 169.443 Where to Ride Minnesota requires that bicyclists shall ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except under any of the following situations:
Source: Minn. Stat. §169.222 Sidewalk Riding Minnesota allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Minn. Stat. §169.222(4)(d) & (f) Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Minnesota does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Minnesota's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles, which does not include vehicles moved by human power, and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Minn. Stat. §§169A.20; 169A.03 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Minnesota provides an affirmative defense to the charge of entering or crossing an intersection controlled by a traffic-control signal against a red light if a person establishes all of the following conditions:
Source: Minn. Stat. §169.06 subd. 9 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Minnesota provides that local authorities may adopt traffic regulations which are not in conflict with state traffic laws. Source: Minn. Stat. §169.022 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Minnesota are generally found in Chapter 169 of the Minnesota Statutes (Minn. Stat.), available here https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=169. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MississippiAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Mississippi requires that while passing a bicyclist on a roadway, a motorist shall leave a safe distance of not less than 3 feet between his vehicle and the bicyclist and shall maintain such clearance until safely past the bicycle. In addition, a motor vehicle operator may pass a bicycle traveling in the same direction in a non-passing zone with the duty to execute the pass only when it is safe to do so Source: Miss. Code Ann. §63-3-1309 Helmet Law Mississippi has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Mississippi, in conjunction with the Bicycle Advocacy Group of Mississippi, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.bikewalkmississippi.org/BWMS/winabike/ Source: Miss. Code Ann. §27-19-56.139 Vulnerable Road User Laws Mississippi does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several statutes aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Source: Miss. Code Ann. §§63-3-1313; 63-3-1309(3) Distracted Driving Laws Mississippi currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Miss. Code Ann. §§ 63-1-73; 63-3-212 Where to Ride Mississippi requires that every bicyclist operating a bicycle, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, upon a roadway ride as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except under any of the following conditions:
Source: Miss. Code Ann. §63-3-1307 Sidewalk Riding Mississippi does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Mississippi does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Mississippi, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Mississippi's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Miss. Code Ann. §63-11-30 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Mississippi does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Mississippi does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: Miss. Code Ann. §63-3-211 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Mississippi are generally found in Title 63 of the Mississippi Code (Miss. Code Ann.), available here http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/mscode/. Other Resources The following resource may be useful:
MissouriAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Missouri requires that the operator of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on the roadway shall leave a safe distance when passing the bicycle, and shall maintain clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §300.411 Helmet Law Missouri has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Missouri, in conjunction with the Missouri Bicycle and Pedestrian Federation, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://mobikefed.org/LicensePlate Source: http://mobikefed.org/LicensePlate Vulnerable Road User Laws Missouri does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Missouri currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §304.820 Where to Ride Missouri requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near to the right side of the roadway as safe, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction, except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §307.190 Sidewalk Riding Missouri allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §300.347 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Missouri does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Missouri, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Missouri's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §§577.010; 300.010 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Missouri provides that any person operating a bicycle who enters or crosses an intersection against a red light shall have an affirmative defense to that charge if the person establishes all of the following conditions:
Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. §304.285 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Missouri does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Missouri are generally found in the Missouri Revised Statutes (Mo. Rev. Stat.), available here http://www.moga.mo.gov/homestatsearch.asp. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
MontanaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Montana provides that operator of a motor vehicle may not:
Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-8-320 Helmet Law Montana has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Montana does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Montana does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Montana currently has no laws that prohibit the use of devices associated with distracted driving. However, Montana does include distracted driving in its traffic education curriculum. Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-5-135 Where to Ride Montana requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-8-605 Sidewalk Riding Montana allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-8-608 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Montana does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Montana's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles, and specifically excludes bicycles from the definition of vehicle, and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-8-401 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Montana does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Montana provides that its state traffic laws do not prevent local authorities with respect to sidewalks, streets, and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including requiring a registration fee. Source: Mont. Code Ann. §61-12-101 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Montana are generally found in Chapter 61 of the Montana Code Annotated (Mont. Code Ann.), available here http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca_toc/index.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
NebraskaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Nebraska requires that the driver of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall exercise due care, which shall include, but not be limited to, leaving a safe distance of no less than three feet clearance, when passing a bicycle and shall maintain such clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,133 Helmet Law Nebraska has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Nebraska does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Nebraska does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Nebraska currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §§60-6,179.01; 60-6,179.02; 60-4,124(5)(b) Where to Ride Nebraska requires that any bicyclist upon a roadway, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near to the right-hand curb or right-hand edge of the roadway as practicable except any of the following circumstances:
Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,317 Sidewalk Riding Nebraska does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Nebraska requires that whenever a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a highway, a person operating a bicycle shall use such path and shall not use such highway. However, a bicycle may, alternatively, be driven on the paved shoulder of a highway. Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §§60-6,317(3); 60-6,142 Bicycling Under the Influence Nebraska's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,196 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Nebraska does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Nebraska provides that a local authority may by ordinance regulate the operation of bicycles and may provide for the registration and inspection of bicycles. Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-6,317(4) Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Nebraska are generally found in Chapter 60 of the Nebraska Revised Statutes (Neb. Rev. Stat.), available here http://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/laws.php. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
NevadaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Nevada provides that the driver of a motor vehicle shall not intentionally interfere with the movement of a person lawfully riding a bicycle. Further, when overtaking or passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction, the driver of a motor vehicle shall exercise due care and:
Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §484B.270 Helmet Law Nevada has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Nevada does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Nevada does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several statutes aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §§205.2741; 484B.363(6); 484B.653(6) Distracted Driving Laws Nevada currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §484B.165 Where to Ride Nevada requires that a bicyclist ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction, except:
Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §484B.777 Sidewalk Riding Nevada does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Nevada does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Nevada, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. Nevada's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §§484C.110; 484A.320 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Nevada does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Nevada provides that any local authority may enact by ordinance traffic regulations which cover the same subject matter and which are not in conflict Nevada's traffic laws or regulations adopted pursuant thereto. Any local authority may also enact by ordinance regulations requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles. Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. §484A.400 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Nevada are generally found in Chapter 484B of the Nevada Revised Statutes (Nev. Rev. Stat.), available here: http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484B.html, or here: http://search.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS.html. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
New HampshireAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws New Hampshire requires that very driver of a vehicle, when approaching a bicyclist, shall insure the safety and protection of the bicyclist and shall exercise due care by leaving a reasonable and prudent distance between the vehicle and the bicycle. The distance shall be presumed to be reasonable and prudent if it is at least 3 feet when the vehicle is traveling at 30 miles per hour or less, with one additional foot of clearance required for every 10 miles per hour above 30 miles per hour. Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §265:143-a Helmet Law New Hampshire requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §265:144(X) Share the Road license plates New Hampshire does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws New Hampshire does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws New Hampshire currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§265:105-a; 266:75 Where to Ride New Hampshire requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride with traffic on the right portion of the road as far as practicable except when it is unsafe to do so or:
Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §265:144(XI) Sidewalk Riding New Hampshire prohibits any vehicle from driving upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except when a permanent or authorized temporary driveway crosses the sidewalk area. In New Hampshire bicycles are vehicles and this prohibition applies to bicycles. Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§265:26-a; 259:122 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities New Hampshire does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In New Hampshire, bicycles are defined as vehicles. New Hampshire's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§265-A:2; 259:122 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors New Hampshire does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles New Hampshire provides that any city or town shall have the power to make ordinances, bylaws or regulations respecting the use and equipment of bicycles on its ways, provided that any such ordinances, bylaws or regulations are at least as stringent as state laws respecting bicycles. Any city or town may require that be licensed and may charge reasonable fees for such licensing. Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §265:149 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of New Hampshire are generally found in Chapter 265 of the New Hampshire Revised Statutes (N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann.), available here http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/indexes/search.html. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
New JerseyAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws New Jersey does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is likely governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. However, bicycles are not vehicles under New Jersey law and therefore there is no law directly applicable to the safe overtaking of a bicycle. Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §39:4-85; 39:1-1 Helmet Law New Jersey requires that any person under the age of 17 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, the failure of any person to wear a required helmet shall not constitute negligence per se, contributory negligence or assumption of risk, and shall not in any way bar, preclude or foreclose an action for personal injury or wrongful death by or on behalf of such person. Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §§39:4-10.1; 39:4-10.7 Share the Road license plates New Jersey does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws New Jersey does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws New Jersey currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §§39:4-97.3; 39:3B-25; 39:3-13.2a; 39:3-13.4; 27:25-5.18 Where to Ride New Jersey requires that every bicyclist must ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. A bicyclist may move left under any of the following conditions:
Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §39:4-14.2 Sidewalk Riding New Jersey does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Vehicles and horses generally cannot go on sidewalks, but bicycles are not vehicles under New Jersey law. Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §39:4-71; 39:1-1 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities New Jersey does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence New Jersey law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. §39:4-50 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors New Jersey does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles New Jersey does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of New Jersey are generally found in Chapter 39 of the New Jersey Permanent Statutes (N.J. Stat. Ann.), available here http://lis.njleg.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/om_isapi.dll?clientID=410167&depth=2&expandheadings=off&headingswithhits=on&infobase=statutes.nfo&softpage=TOC_Frame_Pg42. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
New MexicoAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws New Mexico does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §66-7-310 Helmet Law New Mexico requires that any minor riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. A minor is a person under 18 years of age. Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §§32A-24-3; 32A-24-2 Share the Road license plates New Mexico does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws New Mexico does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws New Mexico currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §66-5-1.1 Where to Ride New Mexico requires that a bicyclist ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §66-3-705 Sidewalk Riding New Mexico does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities New Mexico does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In New Mexico, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. New Mexico's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §§66-8-102; 66-1-4.19 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors New Mexico does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles New Mexico provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring their registration and licensing, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. §66-7-9 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of New Mexico are generally found in Chapter 66 of the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (N.M. Stat. Ann.), available here http://www.nmonesource.com/nmpublic/gateway.dll/?f=templates&fn=default.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
New YorkAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws New York requires that the operator of a vehicle overtaking, from behind, a bicycle proceeding on the same side of a roadway shall pass to the left of such bicycle at a safe distance until safely clear. Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1122-a Helmet Law New York requires that any person under the age of 14 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. The failure of any person to wear a required helmet shall not constitute contributory negligence or assumption of risk, and shall not in any way bar, preclude or foreclose an action for personal injury or wrongful death by or on behalf of such person, nor in any way diminish or reduce the damages recoverable in any such action. Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1238 Share the Road license plates New York does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws New York does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws New York currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §§1225-c; 1225-d; New York City Administrative Code (NEW) §19-537 Where to Ride New York requires that bicyclists ride as near to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway or upon a usable right-hand shoulder in such a manner as to prevent undue interference with the flow of traffic except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1234 Sidewalk Riding New York does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. However, in New York City no person shall ride a bicycle upon any sidewalk unless permitted by an official sign. Source: New York City Administrative Code (NEW) §19-176 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities New York requires that upon all roadways, any bicycle shall be driven on a usable bicycle lane. Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1234 Bicycling Under the Influence New York's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law §1192 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors New York does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles New York does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of New York are generally found in Title 7, Article 34 of the Vehicle & Traffic Consolidated Laws of New York (N.Y. Veh. & Traf. Law), available here http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi?COMMONQUERY=LAWS. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
North CarolinaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws North Carolina does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. However, North Carolina's traffic law requires that the driver of any vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass at least two feet to the left thereof, and shall not again drive to the right side of the highway until safely clear of such overtaken vehicle. Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §20‑149 Helmet Law North Carolina requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, no negligence or liability shall be assessed on or imputed to any party on account of the failure to wear a required helmet. Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §20‑171.9 Share the Road license plates North Carolina offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.ncdot.gov/bikeped/safetyeducation/plates/ Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §§20‑79.4; 20‑81.12 Vulnerable Road User Laws North Carolina does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws North Carolina currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §§20‑137.4A; 20‑137.3; 20‑137.3 Where to Ride North Carolina requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must drive in the right‑hand lane then available for thru traffic, or as close as practicable to the right‑hand curb or edge of the highway, except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn. Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §20‑146 Sidewalk Riding North Carolina does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities North Carolina does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In North Carolina, bicycles are defined as vehicles. North Carolina's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore likely applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. The North Carolina Department of Transportation in its "Guide to North Carolina Bicycle and Pedestrian Laws" currently advises that this law does not apply to bicyclists. However, that Guide was published in 2005 and there was a change in law in 2006. Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. §§20‑4.01(49); 20‑138.1; See page 8 of "A Guide to North Carolina Bicycle and Pedestrian Laws" [http://www.ncdot.gov/bikeped/download/bikeped_laws_Guidebook-Full.pdf] "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors North Carolina does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles North Carolina does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of North Carolina are generally found in Chapter 20 of the North Carolina General Statutes (N.C. Gen. Stat.), available here http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/gascripts/Statutes/StatutesTOC.pl. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
North DakotaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws North Dakota does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: N.D. Cent. Code §39-10-11 Helmet Law North Dakota has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates North Dakota does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws North Dakota does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws North Dakota currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: N.D. Cent. Code §§39-08-23; 39-08-24 Where to Ride North Dakota requires that a bicyclist ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Source: N.D. Cent. Code §39-10.1-05 Sidewalk Riding North Dakota prohibits any person from driving any vehicle, including a bicycle, upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. Source: N.D. Cent. Code §§39-10-52.1; 39-07-01 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities North Dakota does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In North Dakota, bicycles are defined as vehicles for some purposes including North Dakota's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: N.D. Cent. Code §§39-08-01; 39-07-01 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors North Dakota does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles North Dakota does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of North Dakota are generally found in Title 39 of the North Dakota Century Code (N.D. Cent. Code), available here http://www.legis.nd.gov/information/statutes/cent-code.html. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
OhioAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Ohio does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §4511.27 Helmet Law Ohio has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Ohio, in conjunction with the Ohio Bicycle Federation, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://bmv.ohio.gov/sp_share_the_road.stm Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §4503.521 Vulnerable Road User Laws Ohio does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Ohio currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§4511.204; 4511.205 Where to Ride Ohio requires that a bicyclist ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable obeying all traffic rules applicable to vehicles and exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. However, a bicyclist is not required to ride at the edge of the roadway when it is unreasonable or unsafe to do so. Conditions that may require riding away from the edge of the roadway include including a lane that is too narrow for the bicycle and an overtaking vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane. Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §4511.55 Sidewalk Riding Ohio provides that no person shall drive any vehicle, other than a bicycle, upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §4511.711 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Ohio does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Ohio, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Ohio's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§4511.19; 4511.01 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Ohio does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Ohio provides that its state traffic laws do not prevent local authorities from, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, regulating the operation of bicycles; provided that no regulation shall be fundamentally inconsistent with the state traffic laws and that no regulation shall prohibit the use of bicycles on any roadway except as otherwise allowed. No local authority may require that bicycles be operated on sidewalks. Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§4511.07; 4511.711 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Ohio are generally found in Title 45 of the Ohio Revised Code (Ohio Rev. Code Ann.), available here http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/45. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
OklahomaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Oklahoma requires that when overtaking and passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction, a person driving a motor vehicle shall exercise due care by leaving a safe distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than 3 feet until the motor vehicle is safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §11-1208 Helmet Law Oklahoma has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Oklahoma, in conjunction with the Oklahoma Bicycling Coalition, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://obc1voice.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=29 Source: Okla. Stat. tit.47 §1135.3 Vulnerable Road User Laws Oklahoma does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but provides the following penalties for violations of the 3 foot passing law:
Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §11-1208(b) & (c) Distracted Driving Laws Oklahoma currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §§11-901b; 11-901c; 6-105 Where to Ride Oklahoma requires that every bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as is safe to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except under any of the following situations:
Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §11-1205 Sidewalk Riding Oklahoma does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Oklahoma does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. However, within Oklahoma's state parks, wherever a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a roadway, bicyclists must use such path and cannot use the roadway. Source: Oklahoma Administrative Code §725:30-26-13 Bicycling Under the Influence Oklahoma's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §11-902v1. "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Oklahoma does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. There is a law that allows motorcycles, but not bicycles, to proceed through red lights under limited circumstances. Bicycles were mentioned in a version of that law that was not signed into law. Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §11-202 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Oklahoma provides that its state traffic laws shall be applicable and uniform throughout the state and that no local authority shall enact or enforce any ordinance, rule or regulation in conflict with the state traffic laws, but may adopt additional traffic regulations. This may include regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Okla. Stat. tit. 47 §§15-101; 15-102 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Oklahoma are generally found in Title 47 of the Oklahoma Statutes (Okla. Stat.), available here http://www.oklegislature.gov/osstatuestitle.html. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
OregonAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Oregon requires that the driver of a motor vehicle pass a person operating a bicycle by driving to the left of the bicycle at a safe distance (a distance that is sufficient to prevent contact with the person operating the bicycle if the person were to fall into the driver's lane of traffic) and returning to the lane of travel once the motor vehicle is safely clear of the overtaken bicycle. This requirement does not apply to a driver operating a motor vehicle:
Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §811.065 Helmet Law Oregon requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, evidence of a lack of protective headgear shall not be admissible, applicable or effective to reduce the amount of damages or to constitute a defense to an action for damages brought by or on behalf of an injured bicyclist or bicycle passenger or the survivors of a deceased bicyclist or passenger if the bicyclist or passenger was injured or killed as a result in whole or in part of the fault of another. Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §§814.485; 814.489 Share the Road license plates Oregon, in conjunction with the Bicycle Transportation Alliance and Cycle Oregon, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/DMV/Pages/vehicle/platenonprof.aspx Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §805.205 Vulnerable Road User Laws Oregon defines a "vulnerable user of a public way" as a pedestrian, a highway worker, a person riding an animal or a person operating any of the following on a public way, crosswalk or shoulder of the highway: (1) a farm tractor or implement of husbandry; (2) a skateboard; (3) Roller skates; (4) In-line skates; (5) a scooter; or (6) a bicycle. Oregon protects vulnerable road users by providing increased penalties if the court determines that a person guilty of careless driving contributed to the serious physical injury or death of a vulnerable user of a public way: In addition, Oregon provides that the offense of vehicular assault of a bicyclist or pedestrian is a Class A misdemeanor which occurs if:
Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §§801.608; 811.135; 811.060 Distracted Driving Laws Oregon currently prohibits a person, while operating a motor vehicle on a highway, from using a mobile communication device. Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §811.507 Where to Ride Oregon requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right curb or edge of the roadway, except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §814.430 Sidewalk Riding Oregon requires that a driver of a motor vehicle yield the right of way to any bicyclist on a sidewalk. Oregon allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §§811.055; 814.410 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Oregon requires that a bicyclist must use a bicycle lane or bicycle path when a bicycle lane or bicycle path is adjacent to or near a roadway, except that a bicyclist is able to safely move out of the bicycle lane or path for the purpose of:
However, a person is not required to comply with this law unless the state or local authority with jurisdiction over the roadway finds, after public hearing, that the bicycle lane or bicycle path is suitable for safe bicycle use at reasonable rates of speed. Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §814.420 Bicycling Under the Influence In Oregon, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Oregon's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Or. Rev. Stat. §§813.010; 801.590 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Oregon does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Oregon does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Oregon are generally found in Volume 17 of the Oregon Revised Statutes (Or. Rev. Stat.), available here: http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
PennsylvaniaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Pennsylvania requires that the driver of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left of the bicycle within not less than four feet at a careful and prudent reduced speed. Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3303 Helmet Law Pennsylvania requires that any person under the age of 12 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, in no event shall the failure to wear a required helmet be used as evidence in a trial of any civil action; nor shall any jury in a civil action be instructed regarding violations of the law requiring helmets; nor shall failure to use a helmet be considered as contributory negligence. Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3510 Share the Road license plates Pennsylvania does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Pennsylvania does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Pennsylvania currently has the following law aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3316 Where to Ride Pennsylvania requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride in the right-hand lane available for traffic, or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except:
This requirement does not apply to:
Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3301 Sidewalk Riding Pennsylvania allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3508 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Pennsylvania does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Pennsylvania, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Pennsylvania's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §§3802; 102 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors The Pennsylvania Bicycle Driver’s Manual advises that a bicyclist that is not detected by a traffic light may legally proceed through a red light. The manual further states that “[i]f you ever have a crash or get a traffic ticket because a traffic light won't turn green, it's the fault of whoever installed the detector.” This guidance is based on the light being defective due to its inability to detect and accommodate bicyclists. This guidance is likely based on Pennsylvania’s law regarding inoperable or malfunctioning signals, which instructs vehicular traffic facing a red or completely unlighted signal to stop in the same manner as at a stop sign and proceed in the same manner as one would proceed after making a stop at a stop sign. Unlike some other states, the law does not specifically say that a light that fails to detect a cyclist is defective, but the Pennsylvania Bicycle Driver’s Manual is produced by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and so should be regarded as an official interpretation of Pennsylvania law. Source: Pennsylvania Bicycle Driver’s Manual, available at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/docs/pamanual.pdf. 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §3112(c)(2). Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Pennsylvania provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities on streets or highways within their physical boundaries from the reasonable exercise of their police powers. Regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring their registration and inspection, and the payment of a reasonable registration fee is presumed to be reasonable exercises of police power. Source: 75 Pa. Cons. Stat. §6109 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Pennsylvania are generally found in Title 75 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (Pa. Cons. Stat.), available here: http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/li/public/cons_index.cfm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
Rhode IslandAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Rhode Island requires that the driver of a motor vehicle must pass a bicyclist by driving to the left of the bicycle at a safe distance, that is sufficient to prevent contact with the person operating the bicycle if the person were to fall into the driver's lane of traffic, and returning to the lane of travel once the motor vehicle is safely clear of the overtaken bicycle. However, a driver of a motor vehicle need not follow that requirement when:
The driver of a motor vehicle may drive to the left of the center of a roadway to pass a person operating a bicycle proceeding in the same direction only if the roadway to the left of the center is unobstructed for a sufficient distance to permit the driver to pass the person operating the bicycle safely and avoid interference with oncoming traffic. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §31-15-18 Helmet Law Rhode Island requires that any person under the age of 15 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, in no event shall failure to wear a helmet be considered as contributory or comparative negligence, nor shall the failure to wear a helmet be admissible as evidence in the trial of any civil action. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §31-19-2.1 Share the Road license plates Rhode Island does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Rhode Island does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Rhode Island currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §§31-22-30; 31-22-11.8; 31-22-11.9; 31-23-51 Where to Ride Rhode Island requires that every person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction except where official traffic control devices (signs or pavement markings) specifically direct bicyclists to do otherwise. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §31-19-6 Sidewalk Riding Rhode Island provides that a person may ride any vehicle operated by human power upon and along a sidewalk or across a roadway upon and along a crosswalk, unless prohibited by official traffic-control devices (signs). When riding on a sidewalk a person has all the rights and all the duties applicable to a pedestrian under the same circumstances. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §§31-19-11; 31-19-12 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Rhode Island does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Rhode Island, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Rhode Island's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §§31-1-3; 31-27-2 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Rhode Island does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Rhode Island provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: R.I. Gen. Laws §31-12-12 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Rhode Island are generally found in Title 31 of the Rhode Island General Statutes (R.I. Gen. Laws), available here: http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
South CarolinaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws South Carolina does not explicitly address the distance to be maintained by motorists while passing a bicycle, but requires that a driver of a motor vehicle must at all times maintain a safe operating distance between the motor vehicle and a bicycle. Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-3435 Helmet Law South Carolina has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates South Carolina, in conjunction with the Palmetto Cycling Coalition, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://pccsc.net/licenseplate.php. Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-3-4410 Vulnerable Road User Laws South Carolina does not define who is a "vulnerable road user," but has several statutes aimed at protecting bicyclists specifically. These include:
Source: S.C. Code Ann. §§56-5-3445; 56-5-3230 Distracted Driving Laws South Carolina does not restrict mobile phone use in a vehicle at this time. Source: N/A Where to Ride South Carolina requires that every bicyclist operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable. In addition, South Carolina provides that:
Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-3430 Sidewalk Riding South Carolina does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities South Carolina requires that whenever a bicycle lane has been provided adjacent to a roadway, operators of:
Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-3425 Bicycling Under the Influence South Carolina's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-2930 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors South Carolina provides that, notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a bicyclist, approaches an intersection that is controlled by a traffic-control device, the bicyclist may proceed through the intersection on a steady red light only if the bicyclist:
Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-970 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles South Carolina provides that its state traffic laws shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of them, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: S.C. Code Ann. §56-5-710 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of South Carolina are generally found in Title 56 of the South Carolina Code of Laws (S.C. Code Ann.), available here: http://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/title56.php. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
South DakotaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws South Dakota does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: S.D. Codified Laws §32-26-26 Helmet Law South Dakota has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates South Dakota does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws South Dakota does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws South Dakota does not restrict mobile phone use in a vehicle at this time. Source: N/A Where to Ride South Dakota requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: S.D. Codified Laws §32-20B-5 Sidewalk Riding South Dakota allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: S.D. Codified Laws §§32-20B-2; 32-20B-3 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities South Dakota does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence South Dakota specifically provides that Chapter 32-23, restricting driving under the influence, does not apply to any person riding a bicycle, tricycle, or other unpowered foot-pedal conveyance. Source: S.D. Codified Laws §32-23-22 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors South Dakota does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles South Dakota does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of South Dakota are generally found in Title 32 of the South Dakota Codified Laws (S.D. Codified Laws), available here: http://legis.state.sd.us/statutes/index.aspx. Other Resources The following resource may be useful:
TennesseeAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Tennessee requires that the operator of a motor vehicle, when overtaking and passing a bicycle proceeding in the same direction on the roadway, shall leave a safe distance between the motor vehicle and the bicycle of not less than three feet and shall maintain the clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §55-8-175 Helmet Law Tennessee requires that any person under the age of 16 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, in no event shall failure to wear a protective bicycle helmet be admissible as evidence in a trial of any civil action. Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §§55-52-105; 55-52-106(c) Share the Road license plates Tennessee, in conjunction with the Jeff Roth Cycling Foundation, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.jeffrothcyclingfoundation.org/. Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §55-4-276 Vulnerable Road User Laws Tennessee does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Tennessee currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §§55-8-136(b); 55-8-199; 55-50-311; 55-9-105 Where to Ride Tennessee requires that a bicyclist, traveling at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §55-8-175 Sidewalk Riding Tennessee does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Tennessee does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Tennessee's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to automobile, and other motor driven vehicles, and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §55-10-401 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Tennessee provides that, notwithstanding any law to the contrary, when an intersection is controlled by a traffic-control signal that utilizes a vehicle detection device and such device fails to detect a bicycle or is inoperative due to the size of the bicycle then the rider of a bicycle approaching the intersection:
However, it is not a defense to a traffic signal violation that the rider of a bicycle proceeded under the belief that a traffic-control signal utilized a vehicle detection device or was inoperative due to the size of the bicycle when in fact those conditions did not exist. Source: Tenn. Code Ann. §55-8-110 Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Tennessee does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Tennessee are generally found in Title 55 of the Tennessee Code Annotated (Tex. Code Ann.), available here: http://www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/tncode/. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
TexasAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Texas does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §545.053 Helmet Law Texas has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. However, Texas has designated April as Child Safety Month which, amongst other things, promotes ways to reduce accidental injury and death through the use of bicycle helmets. Source: TS §662.105 Share the Road license plates Texas, in conjunction with the Texas Bicycle Coalition Education Fund, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: https://rts.texasonline.state.tx.us/NASApp/txdotrts/SpecialPlateOrderServlet?grpid=60&pltid=97 In addition, funds from the "God Bless Texas" and "God Bless America" specialized license plates are used by the Texas Education Agency to support the Safe Routes to School Program. Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§504.633; 504.648 Vulnerable Road User Laws Texas does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Texas currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§545.424; 545.425 Where to Ride Texas requires that a person operating a bicycle on a roadway, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, shall ride as near as practicable to the right curb or edge of the roadway, unless:
Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §551.103 Sidewalk Riding Texas does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Texas does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Texas's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §49.04 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Texas does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Texas provides that its state traffic laws shall not prevent a local authority, with respect to a highway under its jurisdiction and in the reasonable exercise of the police power, from the operation and requiring registration and licensing of a bicycle or electric bicycle, including payment of a registration fee. In addition, a governing body of a municipality may restrain or prohibit the firing of firecrackers or guns, the use of a bicycle or similar conveyance, the use of a firework or similar material, or any other amusement or practice tending to annoy persons passing on a street or sidewalk. Source: Tex. Transp. Code Ann. §§542.202; 217.003 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Texas are generally found in Titles 545 and 551 of the Texas Statutes (TS), available here: http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Search.aspx. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
UtahAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Utah requires that in all circumstances, including when overtaking a bicyclist, an operator of a motor vehicle may not knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly operate a motor vehicle within three feet of a moving bicycle, unless the operator of the motor vehicle operates the motor vehicle within a reasonable and safe distance of the bicycle. Source: Utah Code Ann. §41-6a-706.5 Helmet Law Utah has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Utah offers Share the Road license plates. Money raised by the plates goes to charitable organizations that promote safe bicycle operation, safe motor vehicle operation around bicycles, and healthy lifestyles. For more information on such plates please visit: http://dmv.utah.gov/license-plates/special-group-plates#sharetheroad. Source: Utah Code Ann. §72-2-127 Vulnerable Road User Laws Utah does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Utah currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Utah Code Ann. §§41-6a-1715; 41-6a-1716; 76-5-207.5 Where to Ride Utah requires that a person operating a bicycle, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near as practicable to the right-hand edge of the roadway except when:
Source: Utah Code Ann. §41-6a-1105 Sidewalk Riding Utah allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Utah Code Ann. §§41-6a-1106; 41-6a-1702 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Utah provides that if a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a roadway, a bicycle rider may be directed by a traffic-control device to use the path and not the roadway. Source: Utah Code Ann. §41-6a-1105(4) Bicycling Under the Influence In Utah, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Utah's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore may apply to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. However, Utah law also specifically provides that a person operating a non-motorized bicycle or a vehicle or device propelled by human power is not subject to the penalties related to operator licenses under alcohol and drug-related traffic offenses. Source: Utah Code Ann. §§41-6a-502; 41-6a-1102 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Utah does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Utah provides that its state traffic laws shall not prevent a local highway authority, for a highway under its jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of police power, from regulating the operation of a bicycle and requiring the registration and inspection of bicycles, including requiring a registration fee. In addition, municipalities may prohibit or regulate the rolling of hoops, playing of ball, flying of kites, riding of bicycles or tricycles, or any other amusements or practices having a tendency to annoy persons passing in the streets or on sidewalks, or to frighten teams of horses, or to interfere with traffic. Source: Utah Code Ann. §§41-6a-208; 10-8-69 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Utah are generally found in Title 41 of the Utah Code (Utah Code Ann.), available here: http://www.le.state.ut.us/Documents/code_const.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
VermontAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Vermont requires that the operator of a motor vehicle approaching or passing a vulnerable user, including a bicyclist, shall exercise due care, which includes increasing clearance, to pass the vulnerable user safely. To accomplish safe passing a motor vehicle may cross the center of the highway if the left side is clearly visible and free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance to permit overtaking and passing to be completed without interfering with the operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or of any vehicle overtaken. Source: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 §§1033; 1035 Helmet Law Vermont has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Vermont does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Vermont defines a "vulnerable user" as a pedestrian; an operator of highway building, repair, or maintenance equipment or of agricultural equipment; a person operating a wheelchair or other personal mobility device, whether motorized or not; a person operating a bicycle or other non-motorized means of transportation (such as, but not limited to, roller skates, rollerblades, or roller skis); or a person riding, driving, or herding an animal. Vulnerable users are protected by laws requiring:
Source: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 §§4(81); 1033; 1039 Distracted Driving Laws Vermont currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 §§1099; 1095a Where to Ride Vermont requires that a person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall exercise due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction and generally shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, but shall ride to the left or in a left lane when:
Source: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 §1139 Sidewalk Riding Vermont does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Vermont does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Vermont's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies only to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and a bicyclist may potentially be charged with a DUI because bicyclists are subject to the duties applicable to vehicles. Source: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 23 §§4(21); 1200; 1201 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Vermont does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Vermont does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles at a state-wide level. However, there are state laws that allow certain local authorities those regulatory powers. Source: An example of a law granting powers to a local authority is Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 24 §13-103, granting powers to the City of South Burlington. Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Vermont are generally found in Title 23 of the Vermont Statutes Annotated (Vt. Stat. Ann.), available here: http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutesMain.cfm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
VirginiaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Virginia requires that any driver of any vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction shall pass at a reasonable speed at least two feet to the left of the overtaken bicycle and shall not again proceed to the right side of the highway until safely clear of such overtaken bicycle. Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-839 Helmet Law Virginia provides that the governing body of any county, city or town may, by ordinance, may require that any person 14 years of age or younger riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, if there is an applicable ordinance, the failure to comply with that ordinance shall not constitute negligence, or assumption of risk, be considered in mitigation of damages of whatever nature, be admissible in evidence, or be the subject of comment by counsel in any action for the recovery of damages arising out of the operation of any bicycle. Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-906.1 Share the Road license plates Virginia offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.dmv.virginia.gov/exec/vehicle/splates/info.asp?idnm=BIKW. Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-749.111 Vulnerable Road User Laws Virginia does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Virginia currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Va. Code Ann. §§46.2-1078; 46.2-1078.1; 46.2-334.01(C1); 46.2-919.1 Where to Ride Virginia requires that any person operating a bicycle, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as close as safely practicable to the right curb or edge of the roadway, except under any of the following circumstances:
Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-905 Sidewalk Riding Virginia allows bicycles to operate on sidewalks subject to the following rules:
Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-904 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Virginia does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Virginia's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to motor vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Va. Code Ann. §18.2-266 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Virginia provides that, notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a bicycle rider approaches an intersection that is controlled by a traffic light, the rider may proceed through the intersection on a steady red light if, and only if, the rider:
Source: Va. Code Ann. §46.2-833(B) Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Virginia provides that any locality may, by ordinance:
The ordinance shall require the license plates, tags, or adhesive decals to be provided by and at the cost of the locality. Any locality may provide that the license plates, tags, or adhesive decals shall be valid for the life of the bicycles to which they are attached or for such other period as it may prescribe and may prescribe such fee as it may deem reasonable. When any town license is required, the license shall be in lieu of any license required by any county ordinance. Any bicycle found and delivered to the police or sheriff's department by a private person that thereafter remains unclaimed for thirty days after the final date of the required publicized notice may be given to the finder. The location and description of the bicycle shall be published at least once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation within the locality. In addition, if there is a license, tag, or adhesive license decal affixed to the bicycle the record owner shall be notified directly. Source: Va. Code Ann. §15.2-1720 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Virginia are generally found in Title 46.2 of the Code of Virginia (Va. Code Ann.), available here: http://leg1.state.va.us/000/src.htm. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
WashingtonAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Washington requires that the driver of a vehicle approaching a pedestrian or bicycle that is on the roadway, on the right-hand shoulder, or on a bicycle lane within the roadway shall pass to the left at a safe distance to clearly avoid coming into contact with the pedestrian or bicyclist, and shall not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken pedestrian or bicyclist. Source: Wash. Rev. Code §46.61.110 Helmet Law Washington has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Washington offers Share the Road license plates. Funds generated by Share the Road license plates promote bicycle safety and awareness education in communities throughout Washington. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.dol.wa.gov/vehicleregistration/spshareroad.html. Source: Wash. Rev. Code §§46.68.420; 46.18.200; 46.04.535 Vulnerable Road User Laws Washington defines a "vulnerable user of a public way" as:
Washington protects vulnerable users of a public way by providing for the offense of negligent driving in the second degree with a vulnerable user victim. This offense is committed if, under circumstances not constituting negligent driving in the first degree:
A person found to have committed negligent driving in the second degree with a vulnerable user victim shall be required to:
Alternatively, a person found to have committed negligent driving in the second degree with a vulnerable user victim may elect to have a hearing where a reduced monetary penalty and traffic school may be imposed. Source: Wash. Rev. Code §46.61.526 Distracted Driving Laws Washington currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Wash. Rev. Code §§46.61.667; 46.61.668; 46.20.075 Where to Ride Washington requires that every person operating a bicycle upon a roadway, at a speed less than the speed of traffic, must ride as near to the right side of the right through lane as is safe except as may be appropriate while:
West VirginiaAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws West Virginia does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: W. Va. Code §17C-7-3 Helmet Law West Virginia requires that any person under the age of 15 riding a bicycle, as an operator or passenger, must wear a protective bicycle helmet. However, municipalities may also enact ordinances on the use of bicycle helmets. The failure to wear a required helmet is not admissible as evidence of negligence or contributory negligence or comparative negligence in any civil action or proceeding for damages, and shall not be admissible in mitigation of damages. Source: W. Va. Code §§17C-11A-4; 17C-11A-8; 17C-11A-6 Share the Road license plates West Virginia has a law that enables its Department of Motor Vehicles to issue Share the Road license plates. However, at this time no Share the Road plates are offered. If you are interested in Share the Road license plates the following websites may be helpful:
Source: W. Va. Code §17A-3-14 Vulnerable Road User Laws West Virginia does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws West Virginia currently has the following laws aimed at distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: W. Va. Code §§17C-14-15; 17B-2-3a Where to Ride West Virginia requires that every person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Source: W. Va. Code §17C-11-5 Sidewalk Riding West Virginia does not have a statute that specifically authorizes or prohibits the operation of a bicycle upon a sidewalk. Source: N/A Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities West Virginia requires that whenever a usable path for bicycles has been provided adjacent to a roadway, bicycle riders shall use such path and shall not use the roadway. Source: W. Va. Code §17C-11-5(c) Bicycling Under the Influence In West Virginia, bicycles are not defined as vehicles. West Virginia's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: W. Va. Code §§17C-1-2; 17C-5-2 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors West Virginia does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles West Virginia does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of West Virginia are generally found in Chapter 17C of the West Virginia Code (W. Va. Code), available here: http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/Code.cfm. Other Resources The following resource may be useful:
WisconsinAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Wisconsin requires that an operator of a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle proceeding in the same direction exercise due care, leaving a safe distance, but in no case less than 3 feet clearance, when passing the bicycle and maintain such clearance until safely past the overtaken bicycle. Source: Wis. Stat. §346.075 Helmet Law Wisconsin has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Wisconsin, in conjunction with Harley-Davidson, offers Share the Road license plates. For more information on such plates please visit: http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/drivers/vehicles/personal/special/harley-davidson.htm. Source: Wis. Stat. §341.140 Vulnerable Road User Laws Wisconsin does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Wisconsin currently has the following restrictions on distracted driving, subject to limited exceptions:
Source: Wis. Stat. §346.89 Where to Ride Wisconsin requires that any person operating a bicycle upon a roadway at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall ride as close as practicable to the right-hand edge or curb of the unobstructed traveled roadway, except:
Source: Wis. Stat. §346.80 Sidewalk Riding Wisconsin provides that when local authorities permit bicycles on the sidewalk, every person operating a bicycle upon a sidewalk shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian and shall exercise due care and give an audible signal when passing a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device rider, or a pedestrian proceeding in the same direction. Source: Wis. Stat. §346.804 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Wisconsin does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence Wisconsin's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to vehicles and therefore does not directly apply to bicyclists. Nevertheless bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated. Source: Wis. Stat. §346.63 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Wisconsin provides that no bicyclist facing a steady red signal shall enter the roadway unless he or she can do so safely and without interfering with any vehicular traffic. However, a bicycle facing a red signal at an intersection may, after stopping as required, for not less than 45 seconds, proceed cautiously through the intersection before the signal turns green if:
Source: Wis. Stat. §346.37(1)(c) Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Wisconsin does not specifically provide for local authorities to regulate the operation of bicycles or require registration of bicycles, although such authorities may regulate the operation of bicycles through the exercise of their other legal powers. Source: N/A Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Wisconsin are generally found in Chapter 346 of the Wisconsin Statutes (Wis. Stat.), available here: https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/prefaces/toc. Other Resources The following resources may be useful:
WyomingAll laws mentioned below were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. Safe Passing Laws Wyoming does not have a law that sets a specific distance for a motor vehicle overtaking a bicycle. The overtaking of a bicycle by a motor vehicle, or vice versa, is governed by general traffic laws and, in most circumstances, such overtaking must be done to the left at a safe distance. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §31-5-203 Helmet Law Wyoming has no helmet law. It is legal for all persons of any age to operate a bicycle without wearing a helmet unless otherwise provided by a municipal regulation. Source: N/A Share the Road license plates Wyoming does not offer Share the Road license plates at this time. Source: N/A Vulnerable Road User Laws Wyoming does not have any vulnerable road user laws at this time. There are currently no national standards for laws protecting vulnerable road users, but the League of American Bicyclists has drafted a Model Vulnerable Road User statute, which you can find here: http://www.bikeleague.org/action/bikelaws/modellaws.php. Source: N/A Distracted Driving Laws Wyoming currently requires that no person operate a motor vehicle on a public street or highway while using a handheld electronic wireless communication device to write, send or read a text-based communication, subject to limited exceptions. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §31-5-237 Where to Ride Wyoming requires that every person operating a bicycle upon a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable, exercising due care when passing a standing vehicle or one proceeding in the same direction. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §31-5-704 Sidewalk Riding Wyoming prohibits vehicles, other than motorized wheelchairs and vehicles moved by human power, from driving upon a sidewalk or sidewalk area except upon a permanent or duly authorized temporary driveway. Therefore, bicycles may be driven on sidewalks. There are no other state laws related to the operation of bicycles on sidewalks. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §31-5-120 Mandatory Use of Separated Facilities Wyoming does not require that bicyclists use any lane or path other than a normal vehicular traffic lane. Source: N/A Bicycling Under the Influence In Wyoming, bicycles are defined as vehicles. Wyoming's law prohibiting driving while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances is written so that it applies to all vehicles and therefore applies to bicyclists. Bicycles should not be operated while intoxicated and operating a bicycle while under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances may result in severe punishments. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§31-5-102; 31-5-233 "Idaho Stop" and Vehicle Detection Errors Wyoming does not provide any modifications to the requirement to come to a complete stop when directed to stop by traffic control devices and does not authorize bicyclists to disobey traffic lights that fail to detect bicyclists. Source: N/A Authorization for Local Regulation of bicycles Wyoming provides that its state traffic laws do not prevent local authorities, with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of their police power, from regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of bicycles, including the requirement of a registration fee. Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. §31-5-109 Source of Laws The laws regulating the operation of bicycles in the state of Wyoming are generally found in Title 31 of the Wyoming Statutes (Wyo. Stat. Ann.), available here http://legisweb.state.wy.us/statutes/statutes.aspx?file=titles/Title31/Title31.htm. Other Resources The following resource may be useful:
All laws mentioned here were current as of August 2012 and may be subject to change. The laws listed here are for informational purposes only. Please consult your state and local laws in order to determine the laws you are subject to while riding. |
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